Arika Okrent's latest book, In the Land of Invented Languages: Esperanto Rockstars, Klingon Poets, Loglan Lovers, and the Mad Dreamers Who Tried to Build a Perfect Language, tells the fascinating and highly entertaining history of over 900 invented languages. We got the chance to talk to Arika about why people invent languages, what determines the success of a language, and why in the world should we learn Klingon, anyway?
UL: What drew you to the study of invented languages?
AO: I used to get distracted in the library with the little self-published books and pamphlets I found by people who thought they could make the world a better place by making a better language. It seemed obvious to me that these projects were doomed, but I realized it was hard for me to articulate why. The book came about as an attempt to articulate the basis for my reaction to these languages, and to explore the backstories of the language inventors, many of whom turned out to have memorable personalities.
UL: What can the study of a language like Esperanto or Klingon teach us?
AO: The study of any language other than your own is a good thing – even an artificial one. Esperanto, with its relatively simple and regular grammar can be a good way to start if you've never studied a foreign language before. It can introduce you to the idea of speaking in another language. But Klingon, with its terribly difficult and complicated grammar can also be a good place to start. It can introduce you to features that many of the world's languages use, such as prefixes for verb agreement and the use of endings for common verb functions. If an artificial language gets you speaking a language other than your own, you will learn about language and be better off for it.
UL: You explored many interesting stories about language inventors for your book, In the Land of Invented Languages. Does one in particular stick out to you as especially inspiring?
AO: I think the stories of the language inventors are more often infuriating than inspiring. Many of them sabotaged any success they gained by refusing to make compromises or relinquish control, and they managed to hurt people, including themselves. Yet good things still blossomed here and there. Though Charles Bliss, the inventor of Blissymbolics, was probably the most infuriating of all, the kids [with severe cerebral palsy] who figured out how to use his system to communicate – despite the obstacles he put in their way – were extremely inspiring.
UL: In your book, you draw attention to the existence of nearly 900 invented languages. Is there a key characteristic that seems to determine the success or failure of a constructed language?
AO: A language is nothing without a community of speakers. The features of the language – the vocabulary, grammar, sound system – are less important than whether anyone can be convinced to use the language. The most successful languages didn't just offer a tool. They created a community for people to join.
UL: What do you believe drives people to create a language?
AO: Through most of history it has been the same thing that drives people to try their hand at alchemy or the perpetual motion machine: a desire to solve an unsolvable problem, in this case, the problem of the messiness of natural language. Visions of fame and fortune usually go along with that desire. These days, however, people do it in order to fulfill artistic visions of what a language should look like. They aren't out to cure language, but to honor it by using it for artistic inspiration.
UL: What would someone who has no prior interest in constructed language appreciate about the book?
AO: The story of constructed languages is a story of natural languages – why they work the way they do, why they don't want to be cured. It is also a story of how people have thought about language over the centuries. We have all shared the complaints of the language inventors in fleeting ways – couldn't language be more logical? more regular? more closely aligned with our thoughts? less ambiguous? The language inventors force these ideas to their logical conclusions and in doing so demonstrate what is so wonderful about our gloriously imperfect languages.
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